Impaired language is a vast area of speech that can include: semantics (vocabulary), syntax (grammar), morphology (morphological markers), phonology (sounds systems), and/or pragmatics (social skills).
A disorder that impairs a person's ability to understand language semantically, syntactically, morphologically, phonologically, and/or pragmatically.
A disorder that impairs a person's ability to express/produce language semantically, syntactically, morphologically, phonologically, and/or pragmatically.
A disorder that impairs a person's ability to understand and express/produce language semantically, syntactically, morphologically, phonologically, and/or pragmatically.
An articulation disorder is when a person is unable to accurately produce words/sounds properly in comparison to age matched peers. This impaired production of words/sounds can come in the form of substitutions, omissions, distortions, and additions; and it will greatly impact the speaker's intelligibility. It is important to notate some errors are developmentally appropriate for kids to produce depending on their age!
Example: "wabbit" instead of "rabbit", "dod, instead of "dog"
A phonological Disorder are patterns of errors produced in sounds/words:
-Backing, Fronting, Vocalizations, Stopping, Gliding, Cluster Reduction, etc (Please note: this is not a comprehensive list. There are many phonological disorders!)
example: producing /w/ for all /l/ sounds, deleting all the ending sounds on words, etc.
A fluency disorder is disfluent or atypical speech that impairs a person's ability to smoothly produce speech at a quantifiably heightened rate in comparison to others.
Stuttering is characterized when a person produces part-word repetitions, one-syllable word repetitions, prolonged sounds, and/or blocks. Physical concomitants (physical manifestations of stuttering) may occur as well, such as: excessive eye blinking, neck rolling, tension in body, etc.
Example: b-b-b-baby OR I [block] don't want to go! etc.
Cluttering is distinguished as a fluency disorder that is excessively quick, disorderly, and difficult to understand productions.
A Literacy Disorders impairs a person's ability to read, write, and/or spell. They can experience difficulty recognizing letters/words, reading fluently, spelling, comprehending what was read, etc.
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